This reflection paper documents the results of three multi-stakeholder initiatives (MAIs) that have come about through Hivos and IIED’s Sustainable Diets for All programme: the Food Parliament in Buikwe, Uganda; the Food Change Lab in Zambia; and the La Paz Food Council in Bolivia. The paper aims to strengthen our understanding of MAIs by showing what works and what doesn’t. It also provides actionable recommendations for people designing MAIs both within and beyond the SD4All programme. Each case briefly describes the MAI and how it works, and summarises the main outcomes and lessons. The paper concludes with a series of general recommendations drawn from these case studies.